![]() ![]() Zebrafish model and vaccines testing Vaccination safety A review of the literature was carried out aiming at presenting the most recent information on vaccination of fish, which brings to light the advantages of this animal model in tests of efficacy and safety of both animal and human vaccines. Furthermore, zebrafish is used as confirmatory models of the positive previously obtained results, thus, having the ability to refine the findings. Thus, using the zebrafish model, it is possible to replace and reduce the use of mammals in research as well as mitigate problems related to the welfare of those animals. It also provides a greater informational and predictive capacity when compared to in vitro results. Furthermore, the use of zebrafish model results in a reduction of time and use of resources when compared to those more established animals’ models. It follows the principle of 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) as required by a multiplicity of national and international regulatory bodies. In spite of rodents being the most widely used research model in the world, in recent decades the use of the zebrafish ( Danio rerio) model has exponentially increased among the scientific community. The Zebrafish model has been widely used in both animal and human health research and, more recently, in aquaculture too. It reduces the contamination of water bodies by the excessive use of antibiotics, and the reduction of final fish product quality. It aids in the prevention of diseases that could pose health risks to the shoal as well as in avoiding the economic losses due to mortality caused by infection. ![]() As aquaculture expands and the need to control pathogens becomes more pressing, the commercial vaccination of different varieties of fish is already a reality in many countries. The study of the use of vaccines in fish is an area of fast-growing. ![]() As a result, vaccines protect the body against future infections thus reducing the need for the use of antibiotics and other types of drugs.ĭespite the study of immunology in fish being more recent compared to those of humans and in animals, the concepts and techniques used are similar. ![]() Therefore, the body is able to produce antibodies that recognize, signal and neutralize pathogens or particular cellular responses which detect the specific antigens with high efficiency and affinity. In addition, it should be noted the role vaccines play in controlling diseases as preventative as well as non-therapeutic measures. Vaccination can act on specific (adaptive) and nonspecific (innate) immune responses unlike immunostimulants which only act on innate response. The use of vaccination is important because it promotes the stimulation of the body’s defense mechanisms and the development of both individual and collective immunity. In the process, a body’s defense mechanism learns to recognize and destroy a microorganism, its toxins or surface proteins every time an invasion is identified. It typically contains a less virulent agent that triggers a reaction, thus, stimulating a body’s immune system to recognize it as foreign. In order to improve protection, vaccination is used to boost immunity against diseases caused by microorganisms. The role of the immune system is to protect a body against bacterial, viral, or any foreign antigen invasions. It presents numerous advantages of this type of animal model in tests of efficacy and safety of both animal and human vaccines, thus highlighting gains in time and cost reduction of research and analyzes. The aim of this review was to provide a systematic literature review on the most recent studies carried out on the topic. Furthermore, it serves well to test new therapeutic agents, such as the safety of new vaccines. Therefore, zebrafish constitutes an excellent experimental model for behavioral, genetic and toxicological studies which unravels the mechanism of various human diseases. This is because such a small tropical freshwater teleost fish has crucial genetic, anatomical and physiological homology with mammals. Despite rodents being the most widely used research model worldwide, in recent decades, the use of the zebrafish ( Danio rerio) model has exponentially been adopted among the scientific community. Much of medical research relies on animal models to deepen knowledge of the causes of animal and human diseases, as well as to enable the development of innovative therapies. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |